1. Select the headline that best captures the main idea of the paragraph.
“Social stratification refers to the hierarchical arrangement of individuals in a society based on factors such as wealth, education, and occupation. This system of ranking creates social classes and can influence people’s life chances, access to resources, and social mobility. While some level of stratification is present in all societies, the extent and rigidity of these divisions vary. Efforts to reduce social inequality focus on policies that promote education, equal opportunity, and economic redistribution.”

2. Select the headline that best captures the main idea of the paragraph.
“Urban sprawl, the uncontrolled expansion of urban areas into surrounding regions, poses significant environmental and social challenges. It leads to the loss of agricultural land and natural habitats, increased air and water pollution, and greater reliance on automobiles, contributing to traffic congestion and greenhouse gas emissions. Urban sprawl also strains public infrastructure and services. To address these issues, city planners advocate for smart growth strategies that promote higher-density development, public transportation, and the preservation of green spaces.”

3. Select the headline that best captures the main idea of the paragraph.
“The development of quantum computing represents a significant leap forward in computational power, capable of solving complex problems that are currently intractable for classical computers. Quantum computers use the principles of quantum mechanics to perform calculations at unprecedented speeds. Potential applications include cryptography, drug discovery, and optimization problems in logistics and finance. However, the technology is still in its early stages, and challenges such as error correction, qubit stability, and high costs need to be addressed before widespread adoption.”

4. Select the headline that best captures the main idea of the paragraph.
“The Renaissance, a cultural and intellectual movement that began in Italy in the 14th century, profoundly influenced art, science, and philosophy. This period, known as the rebirth of classical learning, saw the revival of Greco-Roman knowledge and the development of new artistic techniques, such as perspective in painting. Prominent figures like Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Galileo made significant contributions that shaped modern Western thought. The Renaissance laid the foundation for the scientific revolution and the Enlightenment, impacting various aspects of society.”

5. Select the headline that best captures the main idea of the paragraph.
“Dystopian literature explores futuristic societies characterized by oppressive governments, environmental disasters, and technological control. Authors like George Orwell, Aldous Huxley, and Margaret Atwood use dystopian narratives to critique contemporary social and political issues, warning readers about the potential consequences of unchecked power and technological advancement. These stories often feature protagonists who struggle against societal norms and systems, highlighting themes of resistance, freedom, and human resilience.”

6. Select the headline that best captures the main idea of the paragraph.
“Cognitive dissonance refers to the psychological discomfort experienced when a person holds two conflicting beliefs or engages in behavior that contradicts their values. This discomfort often leads individuals to change their attitudes or beliefs to reduce the inconsistency. Cognitive dissonance plays a significant role in decision-making and behavior change. Understanding this concept can help individuals and organizations develop strategies to promote healthier habits, reduce prejudice, and encourage positive social change.”

7. Select the headline that best captures the main idea of the paragraph.
“Renewable energy sources, such as solar and wind power, are increasingly being adopted to combat climate change and reduce reliance on fossil fuels. These energy sources are sustainable, produce little to no greenhouse gas emissions, and have the potential to provide clean energy for the growing global population. However, the transition to renewable energy faces challenges, including high initial costs, the need for technological advancements, and the development of infrastructure to support widespread use.”

8. Select the headline that best captures the main idea of the paragraph.
“The sharing economy, characterized by peer-to-peer services like ride-sharing and home-sharing, has transformed traditional markets by enabling individuals to share resources and services. This economic model promotes efficiency, reduces waste, and offers new income opportunities. However, it also raises concerns about regulation, quality control, and the impact on traditional businesses. As the sharing economy continues to grow, policymakers must balance innovation with the need to protect consumers and ensure fair competition.”

9. Select the headline that best captures the main idea of the paragraph.
“Augmented reality (AR) technology overlays digital information onto the physical world, enhancing the way we interact with our environment. AR has applications in various fields, including education, healthcare, and entertainment. In education, AR can create immersive learning experiences that engage students and enhance understanding. In healthcare, AR is used for surgical planning and training. The entertainment industry uses AR to create interactive gaming experiences. Despite its potential, AR faces challenges such as high development costs and the need for specialized hardware.”

10. Select the headline that best captures the main idea of the paragraph.
“Stem cell research has the potential to revolutionize medicine by offering new treatments for a range of diseases and injuries. Stem cells have the unique ability to develop into different cell types, making them valuable for regenerative medicine. Potential applications include repairing damaged tissues, treating neurodegenerative diseases, and developing personalized medicine. However, ethical concerns and regulatory challenges must be addressed to fully realize the benefits of stem cell therapy.”