1. Select the headline that best captures the main idea of the paragraph.
“Abstract expressionism, an art movement that emerged in the mid-20th century, was characterized by its emphasis on spontaneous, automatic, or subconscious creation. Artists like Jackson Pollock and Mark Rothko rejected traditional forms and subjects, instead focusing on conveying emotion and ideas through color, form, and texture. This movement sought to express the artist’s inner psyche and to engage viewers on a deeply emotional level, challenging them to find personal meaning in the abstract forms.”

2. Select the headline that best captures the main idea of the paragraph.
“Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming industries by automating tasks, improving decision-making, and enabling the creation of new products and services. AI systems, powered by machine learning algorithms, are being used in healthcare to diagnose diseases, in finance to detect fraud, and in customer service to provide instant support. However, the rise of AI also raises ethical concerns, including data privacy, algorithmic bias, and the potential for job displacement, which need to be carefully managed.”

3. Select the headline that best captures the main idea of the paragraph.
“Microfinance, the provision of financial services to low-income individuals or those without access to typical banking services, has been lauded as a powerful tool for poverty alleviation. By providing small loans, savings accounts, and insurance, microfinance institutions enable individuals to start small businesses, invest in education, and improve their living standards. Critics, however, argue that microfinance can lead to over-indebtedness and that it requires rigorous oversight to ensure it benefits the intended recipients.”

4. Select the headline that best captures the main idea of the paragraph.
“Deforestation is a major environmental issue that contributes to biodiversity loss, climate change, and disruptions to water cycles. Forests play a crucial role in absorbing carbon dioxide, regulating temperature, and providing habitats for countless species. Efforts to combat deforestation include reforestation projects, sustainable logging practices, and the establishment of protected areas. Despite these efforts, illegal logging and agricultural expansion continue to drive deforestation at alarming rates.”

5. Select the headline that best captures the main idea of the paragraph.
“The gig economy, characterized by short-term contracts and freelance work, has grown significantly in recent years. This shift provides workers with flexible hours and the ability to choose their projects, appealing to many who seek a better work-life balance. However, the gig economy also raises concerns about job security, benefits, and fair wages. Workers in this economy often lack traditional employment protections, which can lead to financial instability and exploitation.”

6. Select the headline that best captures the main idea of the paragraph.
“The study of ancient human societies through archaeology has provided valuable insights into the evolution of cultures and civilizations. By examining artifacts, structures, and other physical remains, archaeologists can reconstruct past ways of life and understand how societies developed over time. These findings help us appreciate the complexity and diversity of human history, revealing how technological innovations, environmental changes, and social structures have shaped our world.”

7. Select the headline that best captures the main idea of the paragraph.
“Black holes, one of the most mysterious and fascinating phenomena in the universe, are regions of space where gravity is so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape. Scientists study black holes to understand the fundamental laws of physics, as these objects challenge our knowledge of space and time. Observations using advanced telescopes and space missions have revealed that black holes play a crucial role in the formation and evolution of galaxies, influencing the distribution of stars and interstellar matter.”

8. Select the headline that best captures the main idea of the paragraph.
“Behavioral economics examines the psychological factors that influence economic decision-making. Unlike traditional economic theories that assume rational behavior, behavioral economics recognizes that individuals often make decisions based on cognitive biases, emotions, and social influences. This field has led to the development of ‘nudges’—subtle policy shifts that encourage people to make better choices without restricting their freedom. Understanding these factors can improve public policy, marketing strategies, and personal financial planning.”

9. Select the headline that best captures the main idea of the paragraph.
“Project-based learning (PBL) is an educational approach that emphasizes hands-on, student-centered projects. PBL engages students in solving real-world problems, encouraging them to apply knowledge from various disciplines. This method promotes critical thinking, collaboration, and creativity, preparing students for future careers and lifelong learning. Research shows that PBL can lead to deeper understanding and retention of subject matter compared to traditional teaching methods.”

10. Select the headline that best captures the main idea of the paragraph.
“Ocean acidification, caused by the absorption of excess carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, is a growing threat to marine ecosystems. The increase in acidity disrupts the balance of marine life, affecting organisms such as corals, shellfish, and plankton. These changes can have cascading effects on the entire food web, leading to reduced biodiversity and altered ecosystem dynamics. Efforts to mitigate ocean acidification include reducing carbon emissions and protecting vulnerable marine habitats.”